Avrasya Çelik
CARBON STEELS
Carbon steels, are irons (Fe)-carbons (C) alloys that contain elements like sulfur (S), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), silicon (Si) and phosphorus (P) in low amounts in their chemical compositions which are generally used in the manufacturing and construction sectors. They are also known as producing steels in the industry.
Their mechanical features depend on the proportion of carbon they contain. As the amount of carbon increases, while hardness, yield and tensile strength features get improved, ductility (% elongation and % section shrinkage) and impact resistance features decrease since the plastic forming capabilities decreases; so, one could say that carbon increase in steel material adversely affects the welding capability.
(SAE1008-1010-1020-1030-1040-1045-1050-1060…) these products could be produced in standard lengths of 3-6 meters and special sizes in accordance with TS EN 10277-2 of quality Standard as well as Dimension & Tolerances Standard of TS EN 10278.
| IN ACCORDANCE WITH TS EN 10277-2 STANDARD | |||||||||||
| CARBON STEELS | |||||||||||
| *Applicable data for Cold Drawn Product Types (Production Type) | Chemical Analysis | ||||||||||
| MATERIAL NO | AISI-SAE-ASTM NORM | DIN NORM | C(%) | Mn(%) | P(%) max | Sİ(%) max | S(%) max | Cr(%) | Mo(%) | Ni(%) | |
| SAE1008 | C8 | ≤0,1 | 0,3-0,5 | ≤0.03 | ≤0,05 | ||||||
| 1.0301 | SAE1010 | C10 | 0,07-0,13 | 0,3-0,6 | ≤0,045 | ≤0,4 | ≤0,045 | ||||
| 1.0401 | SAE1015 | C15 | 0,12-0,18 | 0,3-0,8 | ≤0,045 | ≤0,4 | ≤0,045 | ||||
| 1.0407 | SAE1016 | C16 | 0,12-0,18 | 0,6-0,9 | ≤0,045 | ≤0,4 | ≤0,045 | ||||
| 1.0501 | SAE1035 | C35 | 0,32-0,39 | 0,5-0,8 | ≤0,045 | ≤0,4 | ≤0,045 | ≤0,4 | ≤0,1 | ≤0,4 | Cr+Mo+Ni=≤0,63 |
| 1.0511 | SAE1040 | C40 | 0,37-0,44 | 0,5-0,8 | ≤0,045 | ≤0,4 | ≤0,045 | ≤0,4 | ≤0,1 | ≤0,4 | |
| 1.0503 | SAE1045 | C45 | 0,42-0,5 | 0,5-0,8 | ≤0,045 | ≤0,4 | ≤0,045 | ≤0,4 | ≤0,1 | ≤0,4 | |
| 1,0540 | SAE1050 | C50 | 0,47-0,55 | 0,6-0,9 | ≤0,045 | ≤0,4 | ≤0,045 | ≤0,4 | ≤0,1 | ≤0,4 | |
| 1.0601 | SAE1060 | C60 | 0,57-0,65 | 0,6-0,9 | ≤0,045 | ≤0,4 | ≤0,045 | ≤0,4 | ≤0,1 | ≤0,4 | |
Carbon steels are classified according to the amount of carbon in them:
Low Carbon Steels; Steels containing 0.2% or less carbon in their composition with the most usable area which are soft, with low strength, ductile and tough at the same time. Their hardness gets generally improved by cold forming and surface hardening processes, like cementation and nitration which are suitable for machining & welding procedures and reduce manufacturing costs. They are used in vehicle body, producing recyclable car spare parts, construction and its relevant industries, manufacturing profiles & pipes as well as bolts & nuts.
Medium Carbon Steels; are steels with moderate mechanical featured containing 0.2-0.6% carbon. Their mechanical feature gets improved by heat treatments such as quenching or tempering. In general, thin section parts are hardened at high cooling rates because of their low hardenability. High strength and ductility could also be achieved by adding alloying components like chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and molybdenum (Mo) in them. This type of steels are used in parts that require high wear resistance & toughness including axle, ship shaft, propeller shaft, gear wheel, crankshaft, load hook, lever arm, rail, rail wheel, pickaxe and shovel.
High Carbon Steels; are steels that contain 0.6-1.4% carbon in their composition having high strength, ductility and low weld capability specification. Due to their hardness, they have low capability to get processed & shaped, resist to abrasion or have cutting features. By adding alloying components like chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), tungsten (W) and molybdenum (Mo) to them, hard and wear-resistant carbides get formed with the carbon in the steel's structure. Thus, they are used as cold work tools and die steels. This type of steels are used in the production of spiral and leaf springs, scissors, knives, razors, saws, high-strength machine parts, apart from manufacturing tools and mold materials.